THE SCOPE OF AN ARBITRATION AGREEMENT IS A THIRD PARTY BOUND BY IT Dissertation - 1

THE SCOPE OF AN ARBITRATION AGREEMENT IS A THIRD PARTY BOUND BY IT - Dissertation Example heir businesses are built. Where there are contracts, however, there is must exist a system of enforcement that the parties may rely upon in the event a dispute on the interpretation of contractual obligations arises. The general Model Law on Arbitration enacted under the auspices of UNCITRAL is supposed to provide such a framework, although much is left to the national law for it to be made operative and mandatory upon the parties. There are many issues regarding the implementation of these tenets which, because of the wide scope of international public law and the conflict of laws, provides many sources of controversy. This research study provides a comprehensive scan of the major issues, and a survey of relevant cases from the jurisprudence of the different countries involved mostly in these international commercial disputes sought to be enforced by arbitration. While the study does not promise to be exhaustive from the sheer volume of material on the study, it shall seek to provi de as much background on the salient issues that surround arbitration. The method of research relied upon is qualitative legal research, which shall rely on case law as much as a survey of the relevant codal provisions in multilateral treaties and the UNCITRAL Model Law, as well as the New York Convention governing international arbitration. Chapter two: SCOPE OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENT There are many legal implications in determining the scope of an arbitration agreement. It has the nature of a special type of contract pertaining to a particular purpose, the nature of which springs from a principal contract. By case law definition, however, it is not a auxiliary contract in the sense that its validity may be determined by a separate tribunal and in a separate hearing from that of the principal contract in which the agreement may be contained. A question on the validity of the principal contract does not suspend the effectivity of the arbitration agreement. Furthermore, there are many instances when third parties non-signatories to the original contract may be included in an action based on the arbitration agreement. Arbitration clauses are often drafted in haste, and at times by persons not thoroughly familiar with the technicalities thereof. In the interest of putting into effect as far as possible the will of the parties, observers of ICC arbitration have come to distinguish certain indispensable elements without which the arbitration agreement may not be given effect. There are several essential elements of the arbitration agreement: 1 (1) The arbitration agreement must be concluded between two or more parties who are determined or determinable. In

BIOGRAPHY ON MY HUSBAND Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BIOGRAPHY ON MY HUSBAND - Essay Example However, his first marriage, despite all of his determination to make it work did crumble but this was not due to any fault of his own. He soon found that the marriage had been built on lies with his wife having lied about her age when they married and still being a very young and naà ¯ve girl, she left Fernando holding the dilemma of how to continue to care for the family. They had one child together which his wife left in his care since she seemingly wanted no part in motherhood. This left him with trying to figure out a way to continue to work while at the same time being a good father to the child caught in the middle of the separation and divorce. During this time Fernando was attempting to be a full-time dad and also working full-time with his landscaping company. Times were extremely hard for him as he did not have sufficient resources to depend on nor did he have any family that was near him who could have helped in taking care of his daughter while he worked during that tim e. Somehow this man did manage to make it through this period of time on his own, never once turning away from the responsibilities he had as a father to his daughter. He also did not try and prosecute his first wife for abandonment of their child so he only had his own self to rely on in order to guarantee the necessary sustenance to keep his family running smoothly. He did seek out daycare services for his daughter so that he could continue to work and this bill alone was quite substantial every month. However, his neighbors often helped him out with watching his daughter but he was very careful in this area because he did not want to come to depend on anyone or be considered a burden either so he assumed much of the work on his own. During this period of time Fernando did not seek out other relationships like a percentage of men would do. He dedicated himself to being a father and continued to work because he knew that in

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 45

Case Study - Essay Example In response to the second question, granulocytosisis a condition that occurs when there are too many granulocytes in the blood. Granulocytes form and mature in the bone marrow and their role is to attack foreign matter causing inflammation or infection. An increase in granulocytes occurs in response to infections, blood cell malignancies, and some autoimmune diseases. One main cause of granulocytosis is bone marrow disorders.A high white blood cell count is usually an indicator of infection or disease. Granulocytosis is one type of high white blood cell count. (April Kahn) I think the most likely cause for the man’s illness and death was a condition called encephalitis. On the morning of June 4, the patient had symptoms of confusion, disorientation, and lack of reflexes. Some of these symptoms indicate not severe encephalitis while others indicate severe and emergency encephalitis. However, it is worth noting that the patient’s neck was supple. In most cases of encephalitis, there is stiffness of the neck and the back in adults and stiffness if the whole body in babies. (Aksamit) Only occasionally does it happen that the neck and the back are supple such as in this case. Encephalitis which is an infection of the brain might have caused infections in the cerebrospinal system. These infections then might have subsequently caused infection of the bone marrow so causing it to produce more granulocytes and hence the earlier diagnosis of Granulocytosis as well as elevated protein levels prior to his death. Another symptom to this case was the increased abnormal activity which was another clear indication. (New York Times) A serology test and brain biopsy could be used to confirm encephalitis.Serology is a blood test to detect the presence of antibodies against a microorganism.Brain Biopsy involves surgical removal of brain tissue for testing for the

My First Conk from Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My First Conk from Malcolm X - Essay Example Blacks thus degrade their natural bodies without realizing that such degradations are embarrassing as Malcolm says that it seems foolish to see women having green and pink wigs to look like whites. Moreover, none of the blacks are ever thinking of gaining similar education or intelligence as that of the whites (Malcolm, 131). Conked hair and wigs illustrates that blacks have been brainwashed because even in the modern world, most blacks still feel inferior to the whites. Blacks are always ready to endure the pain of conk hair even after knowing that it does not make a black person more adorable. This is based on the argument by Malcolm that no woman will admire a man based on his hair appearance no matter how well the conk is; it does not add any value to the man (Malcolm, 136). In conclusion, before Malcolm realized that conk hair was a degradation of his natural body, he was willing to endure the pain to look like the whites but after he discovered that blacks had been brainwashed to think they are inferior to the whites, he has never had a conk (Malcolm, 141). All black individuals need to do as Malcolm did and instead of trying to be like the whites, they should instead study hard to better than the

Traditional Institution Essay Example for Free

Traditional Institution Essay Education has evolved tremendously over the past centuries. With its history deeply rooted in the need for one to gain as much knowledge and insight into everything that surrounds and interests him, we can say that there is no person on this planet who does not want to have a solid educational foundation. Unfortunately, life is not easy and survival is a priority for most people. This is why when the choice boils down to work or completing an education, work usually wins out. But, with the advent of the internet and along with it, the emergence of high quality distance education, one no longer has to make the difficult choice between work and studies. Now, everybody has the option to do both. Such an opportunity did not exist during the era when attending traditional educational institutions was the only acceptable method of earning a college degree. To begin with, distance education proves to be the less stressful alternative to attending a regular university. Due to the fact that distance learning institutions are available online, a student can access his classes at his most convenient time during the week. I can personally attest to the way my student needs have been very well served by distance education. For instance, it has removed the hassles that I experienced while attending a traditional institution. I no longer have to leave work as early as possible, drive through traffic, find a parking spot, and then run to class before the final bell rings. Now, all I have to do is drive home after my designated work hours, have a good meal, rest and relax, before finally turning on my computer and logging into my open schedule classes. Indeed, distance education has changed the way I view the completion of a college education. These days, when I hear or meet someone who has not managed to complete his degree because of â€Å"work† or â€Å"family† related reasons, I immediately point out to the person that if he really wants to, there is no reason for him to not complete his degree. I believe that is precisely because of those flimsy excuses that distance education was invented and made to be so convenient for anybody to attend. Distance education has also allowed me to access a finite amount of information regarding my lessons because of the readily available internet access during class hours. I find that because of the vast array of knowledge and information available to me with just a few taps of my fingertips, I am able to ask proper and pertinent questions of my lecturer. I also have the benefit of being able to present my own findings during class discussions that help provide for a wider range of discussion between the online student and the lecturer. In a traditional institution, such would not be possible because the discussion will be limited to the textbooks provided for use in the class. In contrast to a traditional institution, distance education allows me to expand my horizons beyond the classroom setting. I have had people trying to convince me that distance education learning is not a conducive way to study because a distance education student is on his own during class. They believe it removes the social interactivity that is always present when attending regular classes at a regular school. As this is the very activity that makes school fun for most people, I am often asked if I do not miss having classmates to talk to and hang out with before and after class. Do I not look for people to compare notes and exam results with? Indeed, these are experiences that make traditional education unique. But these days, people have to mix education and work more than half the time. It is a very delicate balance that has to be achieved by simply concentrating on the most important aspect of education, that is learning. From personal experience, I find that I learn more from the distance education process because I am free from the typical classroom distractions such as classmates who insist on chatting while the class is ongoing, the rude interruptions caused by the entrance of a classmate who is late for class, or the noise from the hallway that seeps in when the door to the classroom is accidentally left open. I am able to concentrate on my task of learning more through distance education because the only worry I have is if there is a blackout in my area and my laptop battery does not hold out until the online class ends. As for interaction between the teacher and the student, I find that I do not need to be in the physical presence of my classmates or teacher in order to learn. Distance classes work the same way as regular classes and, in the event that the professor requires an oral interaction with the students, we simply turn on our web cams and plug in the microphone and viola! We have a simile of physical classroom interaction. Due to the aforementioned reasons, I am of the firm belief that distance education makes more practical sense than that of attending a traditional educational institution. Technology of the 21st century has eliminated the need for people like me, who do not have much time to spend during the day attending classes, to attend a regular school. I can get the very same, if not even more advanced education through distance education. I have come to the realization that distance education is the best, stress free way of completing a college degree. Now, I am able to learn at my own pace and without spending too much on the incidental fees such as transportation and student fees that makes attending a traditional educational institution so expensive. I used to think that there was no way I would be able to complete my college education because I have a family to maintain and a job to keep, distance education offered me an opportunity to achieve my dream of completing my education without sacrificing my family or my job. At the end of everything, I see no reason to choose a traditional educational institution just because it allows for interaction between teachers and students. If that is the only reason to choose a traditional educational institution over distance education, I say that tradition has a lot of catching up to do with regards to the educational needs of the modern man. Prewriting Main Points: 1. Distance education is less stressful for the student because of the open schedule 2. Distance education allows undergraduates and high school graduates to complete a college education without having to quit their regular jobs. 3. Allows for more freedom in the learning process. 4. It gets boring and lonely to attend distance education classes.

Content management system

Content management system Abstract This assignment is aimed to introduce students to how a project is to be managed and developed. This project is about planning for the project management of the move of a large corporate website from static HTML version to a data driven system based on a Web Content Management System. To plan for the project an evaluation for three options has to be made between Joomla, Drupal and SharePoint. As the project plan is to be for a 9 month period the time scheduling have to be made within this period. Also have to do Gantt chart and resource utilization in Microsoft project Microsoft excel and make lesion learned report. Project Management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholders needs and expectations from a project. Project management is the discipline of organizing and managing resources in such a way that the project is completed within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints. Executive Summary Introduction: This document serves as a course requirement of ITPQM assignment given by Greenwich University. It supersedes the previous HTML version to a data driven system for Web Content Management System (WCMS). Key parts of this report will be the choice of the content management system and the evaluation of M.S Excel and M.S project. A business criterion has to be selected regarding the chosen WCMS, which would be chosen after evaluating it in MS Excel. This assignment helps us to understand whether MS Excel and MS Project have features and functions that would support in a Project management. Research On Web Content Management System (CMS) CMS stands for Content Management System, a software application used for the creation, storage, and management of web content in many formats.A Web Content Management System (WCM, WCMS or Web CMS) is content management system (CMS) software, implemented as a Web application, for creating and managing HTML content. It is used to manage and control a large, dynamic collection of Web material (HTML documents and their associated images). A WCMS facilitates content creation, content control, editing, and essential Web maintenance functions. The software provides authoring (and other) tools designed to allow users with little knowledge of programming languages or markup languages to create and manage content with relative ease. Most systems use a database to store content, metadata, or artifacts that might be needed by the system. Content is frequently, but not universally, stored as XML, to facilitate, reuse, and enable flexible presentation options. Administration is done through browser-based interfaces, but some systems require the use of a fat client. A presentation layer displays the content to Web-site visitors based on a set of templates. The templates are sometimes XSLT files. Most systems use server side caching boosting performance. This works best when the WCMS is not changed often but visits happen on a regular basis. Unlike Web-site builders, a WCMS allows non-technical users to make changes to a website with little training. A WCMS typically requires an experienced coder to set up and add features, but is primarily a Web-site maintenance tool for non-technical administrators. This means users will not need to hire a web design company every time they want to update the site or add content. Benefits of WCMS: Upon completion of this project plan WCMS derives following benefits: Customizable pages and portal elements (banners, colors, etc.) that can be tailored globally or targeted individually Targeted announcements based on Banner criteria Web-based tools to manage user and group profiles, announcements, content and layout, and performance and usage A portal interface to control channel and content delivery An integration suite to share data between third-party applications, and databases Increased capacity to growth any organization. Project Scope Scope: The objectives of WCMS scope: Procure and install the selected web content management system Plan, test and deploy initial information architecture framework and update, document or leverage from existing Templates Workflows for known sites Roles and responsibilities Content guidelines Support and training materials Services to be provided System schematic logical and physical design Plan, test and execute Scope Elements: Several elements lack sufficient clarity without further analysis to determine whether they are in or out of scope: Number and scope of site migration: the number of Humanities departments that can be accommodated within the project is unknown. The scope of the University Relations migration is not fully defined. Use of authoritative course information is currently available using the template system and some academic departments expect this functionality. Whether it is in scope for Phase II is dependent upon analysis of complexities involved. Fully redundant off-site disaster recovery of editing and publishing functionality may prove too complex and costly. Out of Scope: Other deliverables that are out of scope for the WCMS Project include: Creation of strategic and implementation plans for corporate response to web security and policy/regulatory compliance beyond Design Review Board process. Web standards work for development and integration (with the exception of standards and release policy for code passed via system to web layer.) Full or extensive evaluation and mitigation for compliance and accessibility issues Extensive service definition of the new web services to be deployed Retirement/repurpose of existing web content delivery infrastructures Design/revision of new campus template Look and Feel Resolution of funding source for hiring of operational staff. Project Dependencies: The dependencies below introduce risk that must be mitigated and, therefore, are included in the Risk Management Plan. Other Web Program Components Web Function and Design Project: template design and information architecture deliverables have many functional and schedule-related interdependencies. Web Service Definition Project will derive information from WCMS as a result of practical migration experience and the WCMS project will require the Service Definition project to provide direction. Web Governance: The WCMS project will rely upon Web Governance to develop policy where needed for implementation or operations. Description of Joomla, Drupal SharePoint: Drupal: Drupal is a free software package that allows an individual or a community of users to easily publish, manage and organize a wide variety of content on a website. Tens of thousands of people and organizations are using Drupal to power scores of different web sites, including Community web portals Discussion sites Corporate web sites Intranet applications Personal web sites or blogs Aficionado sites E-commerce applications Resource directories Social Networking sites The built-in functionality, combined with dozens of freely available add-on modules, will enable features such as: Electronic commerce Blogs Collaborative authoring environments Forums Peer-to-peer networking Newsletters Podcasting Picture galleries File uploads and downloads General features Collaborative Book- collaborative book feature lets one setup a book and then authorize other individuals to contribute content. Friendly URLs- Drupal uses Apaches mod_rewrite to enable customizable URLs that are both user and search engine friendly. Modules- The Drupal community hascontributed many moduleswhich provide functionality that extend Drupal core. Online help- Have built a robust online help system built into the core help text. Open source- The source code of Drupal is freely available under the terms of the GNU General Public License 2 (GPL). Unlike proprietary blogging or content management systems, Drupals feature set is fully available to extend or customize as needed. Personalization- A robust personalization environment is at the core of Drupal. Both the content and the presentation can be individualized based on user-defined preferences. Role based permission system- Drupal administrators dont have to tediously setup permissions for each user. Instead, they assign permissions to roles and then group like users into a role group. Searching- All content in Drupal is fully indexed and searchable at all times if one take advantage of the built in search module. Content management Polls- Drupal comes with a poll module which enables admins and/or users to create polls and show them on various pages. Templating- Drupals theme system separates content from presentation allowing you to control the look and feel of your Drupal site. Templates are created from standard HTML and PHP coding meaning that you dont have to learn a proprietary templating language. Threaded comments- Drupal provides a powerful threaded comment model for enabling discussion on published content. Comments are hierarchical as in a newsgroup or forum. Version control- Drupals version control system tracks the details of content updates including who changed it, what was changed, the date and time of changes made to your content and more. Version control features provide an option to keep a comment log and enables you to roll-back content to an earlier version. Joomla: Joomla is an award-winning content management system (CMS), which enables you to build Web sites and powerful online applications. Many aspects, including its ease-of-use and extensibility, have made Joomla the most popular Web site software available. Best of all, Joomla is an open source solution that is freely available to everyone. Joomla is used all over the world to power Web sites of all shapes and sizes. For example: Corporate Web sites or portals Corporate intranets and extranets Online magazines, newspapers, and publications E-commerce and online reservations Government applications Small business Web sites Non-profit and organizational Web sites Community-based portals School and church Web sites Personal or family homepages Joomla is designed to be easy to install and set up. Many Web hosting services offer a single-click install, getting your new site up and running in just a few minutes. Since Joomla is so easy to use, as a Web designer or developer, we can quickly build sites for your clients. Then, with a minimal amount of instruction, we can empower our clients to easily manage their sites themselves. SharePoint: SharePoint is a collection of products and software elements that includes, among a growing selection of components, web browser based collaboration functions, process management modules, search modules and a SharePoint can be used to host web sites that access shared workspaces, information stores and documents, as well as host defined applications such as wikis and blogs. All users can manipulate proprietary controls called web parts or interact with pieces of content such as lists and document libraries. Some Features of SharePoint: Team Collaboration, Review Workflows, Premium Web, Slide Library (splits a PPT presentation into individually viewable slides on the site without breaking the PPT file open), Premium Web Application, Premium Root Site, Management Library, Global Web Parts, Enhanced Search, Base Web Application, Spell Checking, Signatures Workflow ,Reporting, Premium Site, Publishing Web, Base Web, Base Site, Basic Search, Translation Workflow workflow for sending a document through rounds of translation into multiple languages, Expiration Workflow, Excel Server, Search Web Parts, Publishing Site Issue Tracking Workflow . EVALUATION ON DRUPAL, JOOMLA SHAREPOINT Joomla: Joomla is designed in a way that it can work perfectly in a shared hosting environment. It is a package that is least expensive and most common to all users. Its installation feature is simple and just like any other descktop software. It can support several extensions, add-on and plug in. Joomla is written in PHP with general purpose scripting language and best suitable for web development. Joomla is integrated with CiviCRM and other common packages like GetActive or DemocracyInAction. Drupal Drupal can work just like Joomla in shared hosting environments. It has powerful content editing tools for common users and for web developers for creating websites without bothering about codes. Drupal is a bit diffuclt in installation procedure than that of Joomla. Drupal is also developed in PHP and offers common functionalies of Joomla or perhaps more sophisticated ones, which would be difficult for non technical persons to master it than that of Joomla. It contains non-profit centric add-ons like event registration, online donation, email newsletter etc. Eventhough drupal has plugins they are less powerful than that of Joomla. SharePoint: Sharepoint uses application server as IIS.Net where as Joomla and Drupal uses , CGI and Apache. Applicatin cost is $4000 compared to the other two which are free to use. Security feature is more of a plus point in SharePoint than that of Joomla! And Drupal. Ease of use, performance and management are more easy and manageable compared to both Drupal and Joomla. But SharePoint supports ASP.net programming language, if the site which was built using PHP then it will be difficult to use SharePoint to establish the same site online. KEY FUNCTIONALITIES OF A WCMS Content management systems manage content creation, review and approval processes for web site content. Content management system provides content version control, collaboration utilities, and user or document level security. Some of the functions of CMS are: Content Authoring: it is the ability to create content through a content editor, import of content, capability to deploy, present the content and aggregation of items. Content acquisition: it is the ability to gather content through import or metadata. Content aggregation: process of gathering information from different sources into one overall structure. Output and content presentation: Presenting content through different ways such as HTML or XML Workflow management: the process of managing to create flows of sequential and parallel tasks that must be accomplished. Version control and management: lets multiple users make simultaneous changes to content and keep track of them. Security management: Access to the content are controlled through authentication, role and directory management, access control settings and passwords. Product technology and support: defines the technical architecture of the product, the technological environment in which the product can successfully run. Such as product and application architecture, software usability and administration, platform and database support, application standards support, communications and protocol support and integration capabilities. Project Goals and Objectives: The objectives of WCMS with the original scope: Procure and install the selected web content management system Plan, test and deploy initial information architecture framework and update, document or leverage from existing Templates Workflows for known sites Roles and responsibilities Content guidelines Support and training materials Services to be provided System schematic logical and physical design Plan, test and execute WSM criteria of WCMS: Criteria to which alternative to choose for Web Content Management System (WCMS): Corefunctionality When most people think of content management, they are thinking of the creation, deletion, editing and organizing of pages. They assume all content management systems do this and so take the functionality for granted. However that is not necessarily the case. There is also no guarantee that it is done in an intuitive fashion. Not all blogging platforms for example allow the owner to manage and organize pages into a tree hierarchy. Instead the individual posts are automatically organized by criteria such as date or category. In some situations this is perfectly adequate. In fact this limitation in functionality keeps the interface simple and easy to understand. However, in other circumstances the absence of this functionality can be frustrating. Theeditor The majority of content management systems have a WYSIWYG editor. Strangely this editor is often ill considered, despite the fact that it is the most used feature within the system. The editor is the interface through which content is added and amended. Traditionally, it has also allowed the content provider to apply basic formatting such as the selection of fonts and color. However more recently there has been a move away from this type of editor to something that reflects the principles of best practice. The danger of traditional WYSIWYG editors is twofold. First, they give the content provider too much design control. They are able to customize the appearance of a page to such an extent that it could undermine the consistence of design and branding. Second, in order to achieve this level of design control the CMS mixes design and content. The new generation of editors takes a different approach. The content provider uses the editor to markup headings, lists, links and other elements without dictating how they should appear. Ensure your list of requirements includes an editor that uses this approach and does not give content providers control over appearance. At the very least look for content management systems that allow the editor to be replaced with a more appropriate solution. The editor should also be able to handle external assets including images and downloads. That brings us on to the management of these assets. Managingassets Managing images and files are badly handled by some CMS packages. Issues of accessibility and ease of use can cause frustration with badly designed systems. Images in particular can cause problems. Ensure that the content management system you select forces content provider to add alt attributes to imagery. You may also want a CMS that provides basic image editing tools such as crop resize and rotate. However, finding such a CMS can be a challenge. Also consider how the content management system deals with uploading and attaching PDFs, Word documents and other similar files. How are they then displayed to users? What descriptions can be attached to the files and is the search capable of indexing them. Search is an important aspect of any site. Approximately half of users will start with search when looking for content. However, often the search functionality available in content management systems is inadequate. Userinteraction If you intend to gather user feedback, your CMS must provide that functionality or allow third party plug-in to do so. Equally, if you want a community on your site then you will require functionality such as chat, forums, comments and ratings. As a minimum you will require the ability to post forms and collect the responses. How easy does the CMS make this process? Can you customize the fields or does that require technical expertise? What about the results? Can you specify who they are emailed to? Can they be written to a database or outputted as an excel document? Consider the type of functionality that you will require and look for a CMS that supports that. Rolesandpermissions As the number of content providers increase, you will want more control over who can edit what. For example, personnel should be able to post job advertisements but not add content to the homepage. This requires a content management system that supports permissions. Although implementation can vary, permissions normally allow you to specify whether users to edit specific pages or even entire sections of the site. As the number of contributors grows still further you may require one individual to review the content being posted to ensure accuracy and consistent tone. Alternatively content might be inputted by a junior member of staff who requires the approval of somebody more senior before making that content live. In both cases this requires a cms that supports multiple roles. This can be as simple as editors and approver, or complex allowing customized roles with different permissions. Finally, enterprise level content management systems support entire workflows where a page update has to go through a series of checkpoints before being allowed to go live. These complex scenarios require the ability to roll back pages to a pervious version. Being able to revert to a previous version of a page allows you to quickly recover if something is posted by accident. Some content management systems have complex versioning that allow you to rollback to a specific date. However, in most cases this is overkill. The most common use of versioning is simply to return to the last saved state. Although this sounds like an indispensable feature, in my experience it is rarely used expect in complex workflow situations. That said, although versioning was once a enterprise level tool it is increasingly becoming available in most content management systems. This is also true of multi-site support. Multiplesitesupport With more content management systems allowing you to run multiple websites from the same installation, I would recommend that this is a must-have feature. Although you may not currently need to manage more than a single site, that could change. You may decide to launch a new site targeting a different audience. Alternatively with the growth of the mobile web, you may create a separate site designed for mobile devices. Whatever the reason, having the flexibility to run multiple websites is important. Multilingualsupport It is easy to dismiss the need to support multiple languages. Your site may be targeted specifically at the domestic market or you may sell a language specific product. However think twice before dismissing this requirement. Even if your product is language specific, that could change. It is important that your cms can grow with your business and changing requirements. Also just because you are targeting the domestic market does not mean you can ignore language. We live in a multicultural society where numerous languages are spoken. Being able to accommodate these differences provides a significant edge on your competition. That said; do think through the ramifications of this requirement. Just because you have the ability to add multiple languages doesnt mean you have the content. Too many of my clients have insisted on multilingual support and yet have never used it. They have failed to consider where they are going to get the content translated and how they intend to pay for it. Success Criteria: A central WCMS is implemented and accepted by primary stakeholders including academic and academic support web site Clear roles and responsibilities are established for content creation, maintenance, and the support of the technology In-scope web sites are to the content management system Stakeholders are kept informed of developments and are provided with opportunities to comment and participate After Evaluation of WSM criteria I have created this WSM model which can help me to choose best CMS system for WCMS. Work Breakdown Structure: Project Name: Web Content Management System Project planning/feasibility study (requirements stage) Study on the project issues Develop the project plan System analysis Analysis of its requirements pre analysis selecting a supplier How many servers will be required, procuring hardware etc. Procuring hardware and software System design Develop system design Context diagram/ system boundary DFD ERD Final database The final solution map Develop content management activities. Develop content management activities CMS objects CMS emails Find relevant contents Moving contents from old website to the new one. Archiving mechanisms Operating environment made ready implementation/coding Creating basic pages with different logged areas Implement menu structure Implement site authentication Implement site modules web editors trained for use of CMS integration and testing Developed module for testing Test modules Test full site Test in the working environment Acceptance Check developed module and suggests changes Client testing Acceptance by the sponsors for the launch of new system installation Move site from developers server to live server Changes made System installed in the real environment. Deployment (training) Train IT support staff Construct training schedule Give training for use of the CMS system Verify user readiness Give editor course after 6 months of deployment. Implementation Plan: The high-level timeline follows for implementation. [A key weakness in estimating dates is the current unknown availability date of the vendor. Here we assume availability to develop SOW as soon as the contract is finalized.] Assumptions for the following timeline include: Contract negotiations are successful Actual award is not delayed after successful negotiations Vendor can engage as soon as contract negotiations are complete Two weeks off over winter break and one week over Thanksgiving break Availability of other team resources as specified below Twenty percent reduction in capacity due to furloughs and staff loss Implementation Strategy: The strategy to implement the new centrally supported WCMS site process includes the following work elements. Procurement negotiate a contract with the vendor and complete the purchase of the application. System Design and Installation design and installation of hardware, software, and process components supporting the application environment Requirements, Configuration, and Development requirements elicitation, configuration and development of the application to meet user requirements Deployment Management create a deployment plan for release of infrastructure, configurations, development projects, and assure release readiness. Documentation and Communication collect and organize documentation and project communication. Implementation Work Package Description: Procurement: Procurement and Business Contracts will procure software, consultation time, and three-year support contract from the selected vendor. System design and installation: The technical aspects of the system implementation will be conducted by a core technical team including two ITS team leads, PM, and rotating technical experts depending upon work products (programming, security, server admin, network, architects, IDM manager, etc.) Disaster recovery is a deliverable of this workgroup. Requirements will be gathered, options reviewed, and feasible option implemented. Because no precedent at UCSC for off-site disaster recovery is available, the options will be researched and analyzed for feasibility. The lack of precedent will be verified. Specific deliverables are listed in section 4.2. Functional Requirements, Configurations Development: Logical configuration of the application to meet business needs will include developing knowledge of the application function as well as the partner business requirements. Also key will be engagement with the vendor to understand best practices. Unlike technical configuration, functional configuration includes definition of business requirements related elements such as users/roles/groups, workflows, and user interface configurations. Hannon Hill Cascade Server has components that combine templates, configuration settings, and user groups together. A logical analysis of the best configuration is critical to maintaining scalability and functionality. This configuration team will engage and include technical team members and migration team members in developing requirements and specifications for configuration and development. To the extent required to meet project deliverables, the team will gather business requirements, create specifications, and develop scripts, API interfaces, and external application integration. Specific deliverables are listed in section 4.2. Deployment Management: A core team including team leads will be responsible for deployment planning, will develop a checklist of activities and tests that must be performed prior to deployment, and will be accountable for their successful completion prior to deployment. Documentation and Communication: This team will be responsible for assuring that documentation to be handed off to the service team is created by the appropriate sub-teams and is stored/ organized in the appropriate place prior to project close. This includes: Technical documentation Technical training materials Application configuration User training materials Requirements

Parkson Corporation Analysis

Parkson Corporation Analysis The objectives of this report is to present the findings of the strategic analysis conducted for Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd and recommend the key strategies that the organization should implement in order to against with their competitor. So, the report begins by examining the general environment that affect the growth of organization, industry condition by using Porters Five Forces Analysis. The discussion part will describe the three stakeholders that affect the decision making of company and organization direction. Next, review the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats which can call SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis determines and specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective for company. Lastly, discuss about the key selection criteria and recommendations for Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd. to identify their strategies to against their main competitiv e and maintain its market share, market value and also their company reputation. 1.3  Scope of the report This report had covered the operations of Parkson Company in China, Vietnam and Malaysia. For information, the report had analyzed the internal and external environment and also its industrial conditions and competitors which are the factors of operation growth for Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd. Moreover, the online research such as online article, online magazine, online newspaper that related to Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd is the major information sources for the analysis. 1.4 Limitations Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd has their limitation too. Firstly, not all customers know the strategy of Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd. It causes them to lose their confidence towards the company. For example, from the operations of Parkson Company in China, it was showed that the market shares drop significantly. It highly depend on China causes customers to lose confidence because of their lack of the information about the company. Besides, the company sometimes showed some uncertain of their real performance and problems. The reason behind is sometimes the actions do not reflect what the report have mentioned so called transparency issues. Furthermore, Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd cannot purchase their products through online. It show the inconvenient to the customers when they are not free or busy. In addition, it has their limited target market. They only focus more on the high income ladies. Therefore, it shows that it has no obvious competitive advantage compare with other competito rs. Thus, without the important information, the company will face lots of difficult problem. In order to solve their problems for their company, they must try to improve their operation management. 2.0 Background Of The Organization Parkson was one of the well known shopping malls. There was a lot of Parkson outlet can be found around the world. In other country such as China and Vietnam, there was a lot of Parkson outlet were available to be shop. Parkson was one of the largest department store company in China and Parkson currently has 35 outlets in Malaysia.Parkson branded department stores was divided into 36 brand and 2 Xtra branded. Parkson was established in the year of 1987. In Malaysia, the founder of Parkson was the retailing arm of the Lion Group and it is rapidly became one of the largest shopping malls in Malaysia. As an example, we can find Parkson outlet in Kuala Lumpur such as Subang Parade, Pavilion and other stated as well in Malaysia. Inside the Parkson, it has divided into few departments. The departments were strategically divided into different market segments and locations. The main purpose of the segmentations was preventing the customer to be confusing as the stores are categorized into 3 tiers depending on suitability of market and location. Since the Parkson was one of the successful shopping mall, it has been given a lot of achievements as their growing from strength to strength. Parkson always strive to do away with the conventions and to bring a fresh perspective to the retail industry. As an example, Parkson has been given a title of Malaysia Most Valuable Brands in 2009 or known as MMVB. MMVB is a part of a national brand valuation study commissioned by an Association of Accredited Advertising Agents Malaysia and conducted by Interbrand. Other achievement such as Certificate of Excellence Awarded to Parkson Pavilion being the Overall Best Retail Outlet in 2009/2010 and achievements that had achieved by Parkson. Parkson has its own moving forward target or mission. Parkson will constantly stays true to the needs and aspirations of the consumers. It has promises to continue to improve themselves in order to stay relevant. Parkson has emergence of younger age c onsumers who are well travelled, brand or image conscious and lifestyle-oriented will be the key of Parkson considerations which will lead Parkson lead the Parkson brand strategy. 4.0 Strategic Options Based on the situation analysis conducted, several strategic options or alternatives are proposed for the organisation. These strategic options include: 1. Set target customer higher We suggest Parkson Holdings upgrade their operation system and relocation their business direction by set their target customer among medium class income and upper class income customer. Parkson Holdings also can invite more branded company such as Gucci, LV and other come set their shop lot. There are few shopping center that sell luxury goods in Malaysia and previously Parkson Holdings image in public already is a high cost expenses shopping center. So now, we suggest Parkson Holdings try to upgrade their image and specific their customer segment, which medium and high classes income customers. 2. Refurbishing and Construct a new building For example, Parkson renovate the whole buildings by upgrade its store image and profile. Parkson can refine all the merchandise to higher income products and brand mix. This indirectly can enhance the productivity of retail space. Besides revamp the whole buildings, we would suggest that Parkson re-construct the building for instance let Mahkota Parade to be the Parkson Holdings shopping complex. Parkson will do all their business activities inside the shopping complex. Besides that, they also can rent their shop lots to other suppliers or clients to earn profits. 3. Preserving cash for potential MA opportunities and retail property acquisition Table 1. Major MAs Announced During 2006 MA Value (RM Billion) Parkson Retail Group, Lion Diversified Holdings Bhd, and Amalgamated Containers Bhd 4.3 Source: PWC Research As we can see from the Table 1 above, when Parkson Retail Group merged with Lion Diversified Holdings Bhd, and Amalgamated Containers Bhd, it can create the value of RM4.3 billion. Thus, we suggest that Parkson can choose to preserve some cash for potential mergers and acquisition opportunities and retail property acquisition. As mentioned in the first strategy, we suggest Parkson target medium and high classes income customers. Therefore, Parkson can choose to merge with Cold storage producers that sell high quality products like organic foods and used organic production method. We select organic foods as green products and services are now becoming the center attention of consumers. 4. Diversified product line to other industry and Retail space We suggest Parkson to invest in hotel industry other than just Parkson shopping centre complex. For example: we can refer to Hatten square which have their own buildings for retail shopping complex and also hospitality service suites in addition come out the ideas of Information Technology (IT) in their buildings. In addition, according to Parkson, it will target to expand its retail space by 15% 20% each year or 9-12 new stores in the countries where it operates. Hence, we suggest that Parkson can target country like India as India now is a fast growing country. If globalization success, this indirectly can helps in the formation of international financial system. 5. Go green projects For example, we can convey to Parkson Subang Parade, Parkson Corporation Sdn. Bhd. by implemented the No Plastic Bag Day Every Saturday green campaign  to reduce plastic bags in response of Environmental Social Responsibility (ESR). However, this strategy only covers in Selangor State. Thus, we suggest that this strategy can be further implemented to all parts of Malaysia. Furthermore, we also could follow the step of 1 Utama shopping mall in Petaling Jaya by come out a secret garden which has the system that reduces its usage of treated pipe water by 30%, and a building automation system with sensors that automatically adjust lighting and temperature. Moreover, we also can could followed the step of Tesco Greener Living by come out green gifts which using recycle material to handmade products. 6. Involve in Charity Apart from that, money that we earn from the Green projects will donate to the society for charity work. Parkson can also join charities and support groups that concentrate on eco-friendly lifestyles and choices. Parkson can donate items to schools, churches, city clubs and organizations. Parkson can promote themselves at eco-friendly events and give away items like free gifts or sample at school fairs, carnivals, or local cities farmers market. Involved in such events and can help people can become aware of contributing to the health of our planet and indirectly to help Parkson build a superior images in market. Key selection criteria According to Brundtland Commission (1987), sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development is a worthy goal for small and big businesses everywhere, especially for globalization organization. As members of various communities, we know that society, the environment, and the economy are interconnected. In order to maintain sustainable image and revenue, Parkson will appear few strategies that try to create and more focus on awareness, reputation, make profit and efficiency when making strategies. Profit maximisation is the aim of the owners and shareholders. Company will try to make the most profit as possible. One of the essential factors for Parkson needs to focus its sales growth. Parkson need make as many sales as possible. This may be because we believe that the survival of the business depends on being large. Large businesses can also benefit from economies of scale. In order to this cases, Parkson will attempt to upgrade its store image and profile, diversified product line to other industry and also can merger or joint-venture with other sector industry. When Parkson struggle to merger with other sector industry or use differentiation strategy, it can help Parkson establish good reputation by thrust business into the limelight and open doors for Parkson. Besides, it also can assist Parkson to partner with a larger company such as Lion Diversified Holdings Bhd  [1]  , and Amalgamated Containers Bhd to access their large list of customers and it will frankly improve   Parkson profitability and EPS. Parkson can share the risks with partner and help to gain higher competitiveness; nevertheless it can be rigid Parkson to enter the new market and it will become barrier to entry for Parkson. Pay attention to the environmental impact of our economic practices, and try to ensure that our communities are healthy, pleasant places to live. Nowadays, organizations started to paying attention and actively producing greener products and services to create a center of attention consumers. Parkson Corporation Sdn. Bhd. actively involved in sustainable development and follows the pace to adopt environmentally sound business principles and translate these into action. Parkson Corporation CEO raises awareness and reputation at this time, and he believes that the positive impact for the environment is immense for 2011 and well into the future. He adopt this approach because he believe and aware that operating a green business is not only good for the environment but good for their businesss bottom line because conserving resources and cutting down on waste saves money However, Parkson Corporation Sdn. Bhd. promotes No Plastic Bag Day only covers in Selangor State initially, it haven i mplement in other states. Environmentalism is no enough for certain places; it should engage numerous metropolitan areas and every branch in promoting the use of eco friendly bags in order to get more efficient and successful effects. Even thorough Parkson Corporation Sdn. Bhd. had implement eco-friendly, nevertheless it still no adequate to contributing to a healthy world and healthier place for us and for the future. Parkson should put more improvement and enhancement to implement eco-friendly. For example, we can follow the step of Tesco Greener Living by come out green gifts which using recycle material to handmade products. We also can put more focus of store on the eco-friendly category. Parkson can let customers see that there are practicing what their sell. If customers feel like you have a true passion about the environment, it will help them purchase these items with confidence. If customer is interested in an item, try to offer them a similar item that is eco-friendly. It not merely can make contribution to making the world a better place; it also straightforwardly can enhance and create awareness to customers and build customer loyalty. In order to determine where it is going, the organization needs to know exactly where it stands, then determine where it wants to go and how it will get there. Parkson need to carefully establish unique value proposition and strategies compared to competitors, executed through operations that provide different and tailored value to customers and drives continual improvement within the organization and moves it toward its vision in order to become market leaders in market. 6.0 Recommendation Key Questions Option/Hypothesis/ Recommendation Decision Criteria Pros Cons (i)Parkson had started to pay attention to the environmental impact of our economic practices, and try to ensure that our communities are healthy, pleasant places to live. (i)Parkson should propose the shop outlet to have a zero plastic bag day in order to archive a green environment target. (ii)Zero plastic on Saturday was not enough to influence the customer to be more green environmental minded but should apply to other day as well. (i)No plastic bag was given to the customer whenever the customers purchase their stuff in Parkson during Saturday period. (ii)The customers who really or ask for the plastics bag will be charge for 20 cent each. (i) A green business able to provide a better environment and also a good for their businesss bottom line because conserving resources and cutting down on waste saves money. (ii) Able to prevent damaging the environment from the chemicals in cleaning products that are sprayed out into the air. (i)There will be some of the customer dislike the strategy of the Parkson (ii)The customer might be dislike to shop on Saturday. (iii)The non given plastic bag strategy might cause the sales of the Parkson drops. (iv)Other competitors might gains advantages on Parkson strategy and increase their sales. Since everyone of the shopping mall had started to pay attention on the green environment activities, the Parkson also had started the move on it. Most of the shopping complex had their own strategy like no plastic bag will be provide to the customer who purchase stuff or item on Saturday. We believe that it is not enough for Parkson to active on this program. As a result, Parkson can improve it by having more zero plastic bag days for the week. Nevertheless, it is important for the shop outlet in Parkson to be corporate with them as well. The shop outlet also can propose not to provide plastic bag to the customer. In directly, it can help our environment to be a better place and also can help them to save their cost. (ii) How Parkson time to times change improve their Parkson images and environment of the shopping complex? (i) Parkson can create their own super market and no need other super market or hyper market such as Cold Storage. With this, Parkson can have a better environment and gain more competitive advantages. (ii) Once Parkson have their own brand name, they can try to sell their product at other shopping mall in order to have a different shopping environment for the customer. (i)Parkson always construct or renovate their building As an example in Malacca( Mahkota Parade had relocate the shop location and paint their building. (i) Parkson able has a better management for the shop. (ii) Parkson able to generate new image, give new shopping feels and attract more customer to shopping. (iii) They also can rent their shop lots to other suppliers or clients to earn profits. (v) Parkson upgrade their operation system and relocation their business direction. (i)It might comsume a lot capital for the renovation and building construction in order to have a new building. (ii)Is hard to find a new place or location to construct a new building (iii)When there is a renovation, it might disturb the businesses which are going on. (iv)When there is a renovation, A lot of space consuming will be required. Such as the place to store the renovation stuffs and parking lots. When time past, the customer might be started to get bored due to the unchangeable environment or shop in the Parkson. As a result, Parkson had started to change their image and the shopping environmental. As we can see, most of the Parkson had reconstructs their building, painting their building and so on. I believe that it is not enough to satisfy the customer needs. Parkson can try to create their own super market or hyper market instead of renting their space to the Cold Storage or Giant. It can help them to gain more competitive advantage and have a better shopping environment for the customers. It might include a lot of capital but we believe that Parkson able to generate more profit in the future. By that time, Parkson no longer depend to other super market or hyper market but it has it own brand or name of the super market. (iii)What capability should Parkson develop to ensure the success? (i)High diversification to increase the profit. (ii) Since Parkson have their own member card or member day, Parkson should have more attractive reward which can redeem by the customer with the bonus link point. (iii) Parkson should attract more investor to invest in to their share as well. With a huge capital provide from the investor, Parkson can develop more their shopping more or maybe have a better management. (i)High diversification. (ii)Differentiation strategy. (iii)Focusing on their product line. (i)Less risk with the premium pricing and increase retail consumer market. (ii) Parkson able to gain more competitive advantages. (iii) With a interesting or attractive reward, it can indirectly influence the customer to spend more on their products. (i)Economic downturn. (ii)Competitor strategy to counter the Parkson strategy. (iii) If investment by the Parkson fail will cause the investor occurs loss. (iv) The cost of the reward to member might include a huge capital. Parkson was one of the famous shopping mall. In every department of the Parkson, we can find a lot of product sell by them and it has show Parkson product is highly diversified. It is one of a good strategy to increase the profit. But there is a weakness among them. Most of the product sell by them were more to the female department comparing with department. Parkson should implement differentiation strategy and make the diversification in to more wide area. Focus more on the product line and make it balance well be one of the great solutions for this matter.